Civics Form II – Tanzania: Table of Contents
Chapter 1. PROMOTION OF LIFE SKILLS …………………………………………………………….5
1.1. Social Problem …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
1.2. Social Problem Solving Techniques …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
1.2.1. Steps In The Problem Solving Process …………………………………………………………………………………… 5
1.3. Importance Of Applying Problem Solving Technique ……………………………………………………………………. 6
Chapter 2. GOVERNMENT OF TANZANIA …………………………………………………………..7
2.1. Definition of Gvernment …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7
2.2. Types Of Government ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
2.2.1. Democratic Government …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
2.2.2. Non-Democratic Government (Dictatorial Government) ………………………………………………………… 7
2.3. Forms of Government ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8
2.4. Importance Of The Government ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10
Chapter 3. THE CONSTITUTION ……………………………………………………………………… 11
3.1. The meaning and structure of the national constitution……………………………………………………………… 11
3.2. Types Of Constitutions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11
3.2.1. Written constitution …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11
3.2.2. Unwritten constitution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
3.3. The national constitution ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
3.3.1. Structure of the National Constitution in Tanzania ………………………………………………………………. 11
3.3.2. Structure of the 1977 Tanzania Constitution ………………………………………………………………………. 12
3.4. Making The Constitution …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12
3.5. Constitution Amendment ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
3.6. Importance Of A National Constitution …………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
3.7. Relationship between the constitution and the government of Tanzania ……………………………………… 14
3.8. Ways of the protecting the constitution ……………………………………………………………………………………. 14
Chapter 4. LOCAL GOVERNMENT ………………………………………………………………….. 15
4.1. Meaning of local government. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15
4.2. Reason for the establishment of local government…………………………………………………………………….. 15
4.3. Structure of Local Government ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
4.3.1. District authorities ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16
4.3.2. Urban authorities …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19
4.4. Functions of Local government ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21
4.5. Student participation in school and local government authorities ……………………………………………….. 22
4.6. Important Effect of Local Government on People’s Lives ……………………………………………………………. 22
4.7. Source of local government revenue ………………………………………………………………………………………… 23
4.8. Expenditure Of Local Government Authorities …………………………………………………………………………… 24
4.9. Control Of Local Government ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24
Chapter 5. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ………………………………………………………………. 25
5.1. Meaning and structure of central government ………………………………………………………………………….. 25
5.1.1. The structure of central government ………………………………………………………………………………….. 25
5.1.2. Reason for separation of the three arms: ……………………………………………………………………………. 25
5.2. The three arms of the central government ……………………………………………………………………………….. 25
1. The Executive ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
5.2.2. The Legislature ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26
5.2.3. The Judiciary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 29
5.3. Function Of The Central Government ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
5.4. Different Between Local And Central Government …………………………………………………………………….. 30
5.5. The Central Government Source Of Revenue …………………………………………………………………………….. 30
5.6. Central Government Expenditure …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 31
5.7. Participation In Central Government ………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
5.8. Importance Of Citizen Participation In Government Activities …………………………………………………….. 31
Chapter 6. THE UNION OF TANGANYIKA AND ZANZIBAR …………………………………… 32
6.1. Reasons For The Union …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
6.2. The Importance Of The Union………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 32
6.3. Achievements Of The Union Of Tanganyika And Zanzibar …………………………………………………………… 33
6.4. Union Affairs In The Central Government …………………………………………………………………………………. 33
6.5. Strategies For Improving The Stability Of The Union …………………………………………………………………… 33
Chapter 7. DEMOCRACY ………………………………………………………………………………. 34
7.1. Meaning Of Democracy…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34
7.2. Types Of Democracy ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 34
7.2.1. Direct Democracy Or Participatory Democracy ……………………………………………………………………. 34
7.2.2. Indirect or representative democracy ………………………………………………………………………………… 34
7.3. Principle Of Democracy …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36
7.3.1. Strengths of the principles of democracy ……………………………………………………………………………. 38
7.3.2. Weakness of the principle of democracy …………………………………………………………………………….. 38
7.4. Different Between Direct Democracy And Indirect Democracy ……………………………………………………. 39
7.5. The Implementation of Democracy In Tanzania …………………………………………………………………………. 40
7.6. Difference between democratic and non democratic government ………………………………………………. 41
7.7. Multiparty System …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 41
7.7.1. Features of multiparty system …………………………………………………………………………………………… 41
7.7.2. Historical Background Of Multiparty Democracy In Tanzania ………………………………………………… 41
7.8. Participation Of Students In Democratic Activities ……………………………………………………………………… 42
7.9. Democratic elections………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43
7.9.1. Meaning and indicators of democratic elections ………………………………………………………………….. 43
7.9.2. Indicators of democratic elections ……………………………………………………………………………………… 43
7.9.3. Importance of democratic elections …………………………………………………………………………………… 44
7.9.4. Indicators of free and fair elections in Tanzania …………………………………………………………………… 44
7.9.5. The Spirit Of Tolerance ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 45
7.10. By elections …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 47
Chapter 8. GENDER …………………………………………………………………………………….. 48
8.1. Identification of different gender concepts ……………………………………………………………………………….. 48
8.2. Gender Issues In The Society …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50
8.2.1. Negative Social culture practices ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 50

Editor: Melkisedeck Leon Shine

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