52 Pages NOTES – CIVICS FORM FOUR: ORDINARY LEVEL (O-LEVEL), SECONDARY SCHOOL – TANZANIA

Civics Form IV – Tanzania | Table of Contents
Chapter 1. CULTURE………………………………………………………………………….. 5
1.1. Meaning of Culture …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
1.2. Importance Of Culture ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
1.3. Aspect Of Culture ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6
1.3.1. Material Culture …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
1.3.2. Intellectual Culture/Non Material Culture ……………………………………………………………… 7
1.4. Elements of Culture ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
1.4.1. The Importance Of Each Elements Of Culture ………………………………………………………. 10
1.5. Positive And Negative Aspect Of Our Culture Values …………………………………………………… 11
1.5.1. Positive Aspects………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
1.5.2. Negative Aspects ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13
1.5.3. Impacts Of Negative Aspect Of Cultural Value ……………………………………………………… 14
1.5.4. Outstanding gender concept ……………………………………………………………………………… 16
1.6. Customs which lead to gender discrimination ……………………………………………………………. 17
1.7. Institution which perpetuate gender discrimination ……………………………………………………. 18
1.8. Major effects of gender discrimination ……………………………………………………………………… 19
1.9. The strategies for women empowerment ………………………………………………………………….. 20
1.10. Customs and cultural practices that lead to spread of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STI’S) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
1.11. Impacts of negative aspects of cultural values ………………………………………………………….. 23
1.12. Ways or actions to be taken against negative aspects of our socio-cultural …………………. 24
1.13. Promotion and preservation of our worthy cultural values ………………………………………… 24
1.13.1. importance of promoting and preserving of our worthy cultural value …………………. 24
1.14. The roles of different groups and institution in promoting and preservation of our worthy cultural values ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24
1.15. Factors which hinder promotion of worthy cultural values; ……………………………………….. 27
1.16. Solutions to the problems arising from the process of promoting and preserving of our cultural values ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 28
1.17. Culture of preventive care and maintenance of personal and public property ……………… 28
1.17.1. Importance of culture of preventive care and maintenance of personal and public property ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 28
1.17.2. The ways for ensuring preventive care and maintenance of personal and public property ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 29
1.17.3. Consequence of neglecting timely repairing and maintenance of person and public property ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 29
1.18. Cultural Change…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 30
1.18.1. Other factors influencing cultural change …………………………………………………………. 31
1.18.2. Advantage of cultural change …………………………………………………………………………… 31
1.18.3. Disadvantages of Cultural Changes ……………………………………………………………………. 31
Chapter 2. PROMOTION OF LIFE SKILLS ………………………………………………. 33
2.1. Problems solving …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
2.1.1. The importance of problems solving skills ……………………………………………………………. 33
2.1.2. Steps in problems solving process ………………………………………………………………………. 34
Chapter 3. GLOBALIZATION ……………………………………………………………… 35
3.1. The Concept Of Globalization …………………………………………………………………………………… 35
3.1.1. Historical background of globalization…………………………………………………………………. 35
3.1.2. Driving forces of globalization ……………………………………………………………………………. 35
3.2. Aspects of globalization …………………………………………………………………………………………… 36
3.3. Privatization …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 38
3.3.1. The origin of privatization policy…………………………………………………………………………. 38
3.4. The objectives of privatization………………………………………………………………………………….. 39
3.4.1. Measures taken to enhance privatization ……………………………………………………………. 39
3.4.2. Advantages of privatization ……………………………………………………………………………….. 39
3.4.3. Disadvantages of privatization ……………………………………………………………………………. 40
3.5. Trade liberalization …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 41
3.5.1. Conditional ties for giving aids to the needy nations …………………………………………….. 41
3.6. Effect of globalization in Tanzania …………………………………………………………………………….. 44
3.6.1. Economic effects ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 44
3.6.2. Political Effect Of Globalization…………………………………………………………………………… 46
3.6.3. Erosion of national control over governance ……………………………………………………….. 47
3.6.4. Socio-cultural effects of globalization ………………………………………………………………….. 47
3.6.5. Spread of religious fundamentalism ……………………………………………………………………. 49
3.6.6. The spread of materialist lifestyle attitudes …………………………………………………………. 49
3.6.7. Impacts of globalization on environment …………………………………………………………….. 50
3.7. Challenges of globalization in Tanzania ……………………………………………………………………… 51

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